The treaty on the frontier and good neighbourly relations between Turkey, the United Kingdom and Iraq was signed in Ankara on 5 June 1926 by Tevfik Rüştü Aras, Turkish foreign minister, Sir Ronald Charles Lindsay, the British ambassador, and Colonel Nuri as-Said, for Iraq, in three copies, the Turkish and English texts. It is not the 1921 Treaty of Ankara with France and not the Treaty of Lausanne of 24 July 1923, whose provision on the frontier with Iraq it implements. Article 17: it enters into force on the exchange of instruments of ratification, provided for in Ankara. Chapter II (neighbourly relations) remains in force for ten years, with a right of denunciation after two years, on one year's notice.

The preamble recognizes Iraq as an independent state and the special relations arising from the Anglo-Iraqi treaties of 10 October 1922 and 13 January 1926, and seeks to remove incidents that would disturb harmony in the frontier zone. Article 1: the line is that decided by the Council of the League of Nations on 29 October 1924 (the Brussels Line), with a correction south of Ashuta and Alamun so that the road linking them, on the Iraqi stretch, remains in Turkey. Article 2: the annexed map at 1:250,000; in case of conflict the text prevails. The hydrographic itinerary is not transcribed.

Article 3: a delimitation commission — two Turkish delegates, two appointed jointly by the British and Iraqi governments, a Swiss president if the President of Switzerland consents — meeting within six months; decisions by majority, binding. Article 4: nationality of the inhabitants of the territory remaining to Iraq, under Articles 30–36 of Lausanne, with a right of option for twelve months. Article 5: the line is final; the parties undertake not to seek to modify it. Article 14: for twenty-five years Iraq shall pay Turkey ten per cent of the oil royalties provided in the Turkish Petroleum concession of 14 March 1925. A royalty calculator is not set out here.

Chapter II, Articles 6–13, at framework level: prevention of armed persons crossing to raid or commit brigandage in a zone of seventy-five kilometres on each side of the line, reciprocal notification, a permanent frontier commission whose first meeting is at Zakho. A pursuit, handover or patrol protocol is not transcribed. Article 12: no official correspondence with tribal chiefs on the other party's territory and no hostile propaganda in the zone. Article 15: a later extradition treaty. Article 16: amnesty in Iraq for political opinions and acts in favour of Turkey up to signature. Article 18: certified copies to the signatories of Lausanne.

Cover: the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara, place of domestic ratification; we do not claim the hall. Wikimedia Commons, free licence.

Sources consulted: Treaty of Ankara (1926); Treaty between Turkey, the United Kingdom and Iraq on the frontier and good neighbourly relations (Wikisource).