On 10 February 1947, at Paris, in the Salon de l Horloge at the Quai d Orsay, five distinct peace treaties were signed, not a single instrument: with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary and Finland. FRUS: Georges Bidault presided; from 11 a.m., the treaty with Italy, headed by Marchese Lupi di Soragna; from 3 p.m., Romania, then Bulgaria, Hungary and, by 6:15 p.m., Finland. The United States is not a party to the treaty with Finland. The peace conference, opened on 29 July 1946 and closed on 15 October 1946 at the Palais du Luxembourg, is distinct from the signing day.

The treaty with Romania: the frontiers of 1 January 1941, except the frontier with Hungary. Article 2: the Vienna Award of 30 August 1940 is null and void; the frontier of 1 January 1938 is restored. The Soviet-Romanian frontier follows the Agreement of 28 June 1940 and the Soviet-Czechoslovak Agreement of 29 June 1945. Authentic texts: Russian and English; the original is also in French and Romanian. Article 40: depositary the Government of the USSR; entry into force upon deposit of ratifications by the USSR, the United Kingdom and the United States — 15 September 1947.

Article 3: human rights without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion. Article 22: reparations to the USSR of 300,000,000 dollars, over eight years from 12 September 1944, in commodities, at the gold parity of 35 dollars an ounce on the day of the Armistice. This is not a delivery catalogue.

The treaty with Hungary: the pre-1938 frontiers; the Vienna Awards remain void; three villages south of Bratislava pass to Czechoslovakia. The treaty with Bulgaria: the frontiers of 1 January 1941, including Southern Dobruja. The treaty with Finland: the frontiers of 1 January 1941, except the province of Petsamo, ceded to the USSR; depositary likewise Moscow. Each is a separate treaty, with its own annexes.

The treaty with Italy, signed in the morning, is a fifth instrument — it is not detailed here. The Palais du Luxembourg conference photograph is not the signing room; Caffery reports the Quai d Orsay. The instruments DONE formula is not copied.

The five states became United Nations members on 14 December 1955. The 1975 Treaty of Osimo, on Trieste, is later and concerns only Italy and Yugoslavia.

Cover: the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Quai d Orsay, the signing venue in the FRUS report — the photograph is of the building, not the table. Wikimedia Commons, free licence.

For context: Paris Peace Treaties, 1947. The text: Treaty of Peace with Romania.