On 15 September 2020, at the White House in Washington, Israel and the United Arab Emirates sign the Treaty of Peace, Diplomatic Relations and Full Normalization under the Abraham Accords; at the same ceremony Bahrain and Israel sign the Declaration of Peace and Cooperation, and the three states (with the United States as witness) the Abraham Accords Declaration.

The UAE–Israel treaty establishes peace, embassy exchange, UN Charter principles and cooperation in security, trade, aviation, energy and health. It is registered in UNTS (No. 56565); entry into force: 5 January 2021.

The Bahraini document commits to full diplomatic relations and sectoral agreements. US mediation was central.

The Abraham Accords later opened similar paths with other regional states.

For Middle East diplomacy, 15 September 2020 marks the Washington signatures.

The texts are on the US State Department site and in UNTS.

The Abraham Accords of 15 September 2020 remain the Israel–Gulf normalisation milestone.

Image: Washington / Abraham Accords; Wikimedia Commons. Cropped to 16:9.

Source consulted: Abraham Accords. Treaty text: US State Department — UAE–Israel Treaty.