On 12 October 1929, in Warsaw, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International Carriage by Air — the Warsaw Convention — is signed, establishing the carrier’s liability toward passengers, baggage and cargo.

The Convention sets compensation limits, transport documents (ticket, air waybill) and jurisdiction. It became the foundation of worldwide private air law, later supplemented by the Hague (1955) and Montreal (1999) Protocols.

It entered into force on 13 February 1933. It remains the historical reference for civil aviation liability.

The official text is on the ICAO / air treaty sites.

For air law, 12 October 1929 marks the Warsaw signature.

The document is available on icao.int.

The Warsaw Convention of 12 October 1929 remains the milestone of air carrier liability.

Image: Warsaw / aviation; Wikimedia Commons. Cropped to 16:9.

Source consulted: Warsaw Convention. Treaty text: ICAO — Warsaw Convention.