On 25 August 1921, in Berlin, the United States and Germany sign the peace treaty restoring friendly relations — the bilateral accord concluded after the US Senate refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles.

Signatories are Ellis Loring Dresel (US commissioner) and Friedrich Rosen (German foreign minister). Article I grants the United States the rights and advantages of the Knox–Porter Resolution (2 July 1921) and of Versailles, without binding Washington to the League of Nations.

Article II specifies which Versailles parts apply to the United States and excludes Part I (the Covenant) and other obligations. Ratifications were exchanged in Berlin on 11 November 1921; the treaty was registered in the League of Nations Treaty Series.

The document reopened diplomatic relations and enabled reparations cooperation without US League membership.

For postwar diplomacy, 25 August 1921 marks the separate US–German peace.

The text is published in Foreign Relations of the United States.

The US–German Peace Treaty of 25 August 1921 remains the bilateral peace milestone after Versailles.

Image: Berlin; Wikimedia Commons. Cropped to 16:9.

Source consulted: U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921). Treaty text: FRUS 1921 — U.S.–Germany Peace Treaty.