The 1840 London Convention for the Pacification of the Levant
Sultan Abdülmecid I asked the Great Powers for support after the Ottoman defeat at Nezib (24 June 1839), the d...
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The Saadabad Pact binds Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan
The Shahinshah of Iran, the King of Afghanistan, the King of Iraq and the President of the Turkish Republic wa...
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The 1878 Cyprus Convention places the island under British administration
At Constantinople, not Berlin, Austen Henry Layard and Safvet Pasha signed the Convention of Defensive Allianc...
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The 1555 Peace of Amasya divides the Caucasus and Iraq
The Ottoman-Safavid war of 1532-1555 closed without a decisive battle. The Safavids, after Chaldiran, avoided...
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The 1639 Treaty of Zuhab sets the Ottoman-Safavid frontier
After Murad IV recaptured Baghdad, in December 1638, Shah Safi's Safavid army, under Rustam Khan, withdrew eas...
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Istanbul Convention, 11 May 2011
In Istanbul, on 11 May 2011, at the 121st Session of the Committee of Ministers, the Council of Europe opened...
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The 1878 Treaty of San Stefano creates an autonomous Bulgaria
The Russo-Turkish war of 1877–78 closed with preliminaries, not a European peace. The Russian signatories were...
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Treaty of Constantinople, 25 January 1479
On 25 January 1479, at Constantinople, Sultan Mehmed II, son of Murad, issues the peace ahdname to Giovanni Da...
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The Peace of Karlowitz cedes Hungary to the Habsburgs
After the siege of Vienna in 1683, Pope Innocent XI gathered the Holy League: the Habsburgs, Poland-Lithuania,...
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The Armistice of Mudros opens the Straits to the Allies
The Macedonian front gave way in September 1918: Franchet d’Espèrey’s offensive knocked Bulgaria out through t...
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The Ankara Agreement ends the Franco-Turkish War
The Franco-Turkish war in Cilicia followed the 1920 Treaty of Sèvres, which had given France a zone of influen...
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Treaty of Adrianople: the Danube mouths, the rayas and Russo-Ottoman peace
On 14 September 1829, in Adrianople, Russia’s plenipotentiaries — Counts Alexey Orlov and Fyodor Pahlen — and...
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